Document Details
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Document Type |
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Article In Journal |
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Document Title |
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Metabolic and Inflammatory Responses to Different Caloric Loads of a High-Fat Meal Are Distinct between Normal-Weight and Obese Individuals Metabolic and Inflammatory Responses to Different Caloric Loads of a High-Fat Meal Are Distinct between Normal-Weight and Obese Individuals |
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Document Language |
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English |
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Abstract |
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The prevalence of obesity and of its metabolic and clinical consequences has been increasing over the past few decades (1, 2). Although the origin of obesity and related metabolic disorders is multifactorial, the quantity and the quality of dietary macronutrients are 2 of the main factors that can be modified to diminish obesity risk and to lessen its comorbidities. It has long been recognized that obese, insulin-resistant, and diabetic individuals show exaggerated responses to an oral fat load, as demonstrated by higher concentrations of circulating TGs over the postprandial period (3–5). This reflects diminished ability to efficiently handle the incoming fat of dietary origin and is analogous to the exaggerated glucose response to an oral-glucose load seen in the same individuals. Fat and glucose loads are also associated with alterations in circulating concentrations of a range of gut-derived hormones called incretins (6, 7) and of inflammatory markers (8, 9). Meal-induced changes in the concentrations of metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory markers are influenced by the nature of the meal itself and by the phenotypic characteristics of the individual. Thus, the use of such meal challenges in research requires standardized procedures to be adopted and an improved understanding of the between-individual and between-group variation in response and the reasons for such variation. This is important because recent considerations of the use of biomarkers in human nutrition research recommended the use of challenge tests to determine the robustness of biologic systems (10, 11, 12). Because meal challenges are still relatively rarely used to probe metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory robustness, little is known about the responsiveness of these systems to different doses of the challenge. This could be an important approach in human nutrition research, because dose-response studies (e.g., to an oral fat challenge) could reveal differences in sensitivity to the challenge between different subgroups that may not be apparent from using just 1 dose of the challenge. In an article published in this issue of The Journal of Nutrition, Schwander et al. (13) evaluated the postprandial metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory responses of normal-weight and obese participants to high-fat meals with 3 different caloric contents (500, 1000, and 1500 kcal). Importantly, the relative macronutrient composition was the same across the 3 meals, comprising 61% of energy from fat, 21% of energy from carbohydrates, and 18% of energy from protein. The amounts of fat provided in the 3 meals were 34, 68, and 102 g, respectively. By adopting this novel design, the study aimed to identify the effect of increasing meal energy content on postprandial responses while keeping the (relative) macronutrient content of the meals unchanged. This design is technically and clinically interesting and unique. |
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ISSN |
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0022-3166 |
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Journal Name |
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JOURNAL OF NUTRITION |
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Volume |
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144 |
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Issue Number |
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10 |
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Publishing Year |
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1435 AH
2014 AD |
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Article Type |
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Article |
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Added Date |
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Tuesday, August 1, 2017 |
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Researchers
| Josune Olza | Olza, Josune | Researcher | | |
| Philip Calder | Calder, Philip | Researcher | | |
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