ء(همزة)

’

عُلَمَاء

ʿulamā’

[ ا] preceded by letter with fatha َ

ā

إِجَارَة

ijārah

مقصورة[ا]

á

تَقْوَیٰ

taqwá

[آ] Context specific: (i) In the beginning (ii) In the middle of a word.

(i) ã

(ii) ’ā

(i)آيَات

(ii)قُرْآن

(i) ãyāt

(ii) Qur’ān

ب

b

بَاطِل

bāṭil

ت

t

تَكَافُل

takāful

ث

th

ثَمَن

thaman

ج

j

جِزْيَة

jizyah

ح

ḥ

حَدِيْث

ḥadīth

خ

kh

خَرَاج

kharāj

د

d

دَيْن

dayn

ذ

dh

ذَهَب

dhahab

ر

r

رِبَا

ribā

ز

z

زَوْج

zawj

س

s

سَلَم

salam

ش

sh

شَرِيْعَة

Sharīʿah

ص

ṣ

صَدَقَة

ṣadaqah

ض

ḍ

ضَمَان

ḍamān

ط

ṭ

طَلَاق

ṭalāq

ظ

ẓ

ظُلْم

ẓulm

ع

ʿ

عِيْنَة

ʿīnah

غ

gh

غَرَر

gharar

ف

f

فِقْه

fiqh

ق

q

قَرْض

qarḍ

ك

k

كَفَالَة

kafālah

ل

l

لَازِم

lāzim

م

m

مُضَارَبَة

muḍārabah

ن

n

نِفَاق

nifāq

و

w

وَقْف

waqf

و preceded by ُ

ū

صُكُوْك

ṣukūk

ه

h

هِبَة

hibah

ة

(i) ‘h’ if at the end of a word.(ii) ‘ẗ’ if in the middle.

(i) زَكَاٰة

(ii) زَكَاةُ الْفِطْر

(i) zakāh

(ii) zakāẗ al-fiṭr

ي

(i) y

(ii) ī when preceded by ِ

(i) يُسْر

(ii) يَتِيم

(i) yusr

(ii) yatīm

فتحة َ

a

فَرْض

farḍ

ضمة ُ

u

عُرْف

ʿurf

كسرة ِ

i

مُسْلِم

Muslim

شدة ّ

(i)When over one-letter word; the letter is to be used twice.

(ii) When over two-lettered word, the two letters to be underlined.

(i) تَوَرُّق

(ii) غِشّ

(i) tawarruq

(ii) ghish

Notes: (i) For [َ] followed by [وْ]; roman letters [aw] are to be used, e.g., “اَوْقَاف” is to be written “awqāf”. For [َ] followed by [ى]; roman letters [ay] are to be used, e.g., “اَيْنَ” is to be written “ayna”. (ii) Hamza (ء) in the beginning of a word is not to be Romanized. (iii) Arabic “ال” in composite words is to be always Romanized as “al-” irrespective of the sound of the composite words, e.g., “ بَيْتُ المَال” is to be written “bayt al-māl” not “bayt ul-māl” and “الدَّيْن” is to be written as “al-dayn”, not “ad-dayn”.